Dev C++ Switch
Mar 19, 2020 Selection is based upon the comparison of the value passed inside the switch block with those values which are already present inside the switch block. If no value matches, the default statement inside the switch block is executed. 2 – Loops: Basically we have three types of loops in C. Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan membahas Percabangan menggunakan struktur Switch / Switch-Case dalam C lengkap dengan contoh program beserta penjelasannya, dimana contoh program kami buat menggunakan IDE Dev-C. Switch case statement is used when we have multiple conditions and we need to perform different action based on the condition. When we have multiple conditions and we need to execute a block of statements when a particular condition is satisfied.
-->Dev C++ Switch Color
- A way to implement a switch on strings using pure standard C. The switch is not made on the string itself but on the numeric value associated to it by the std:. I do not want to give the impression that I was the first and only one who had the idea of using a map to implement switch on strings in C.
- A list of the C tutorials available on Dev-HQ.
- If c is a lowercase 'a', lowercasea is incremented and the break statement terminates the switch statement body. If c isn't an 'a' or 'A', the default statement is executed. Visual Studio 2017 and later: (available with /std:c17) The fallthrough attribute is specified in the C17 standard. You can use it in a switch statement.
- May 12, 2017 Switch Statement in C/C Switch case statements are a substitute for long if statements that compare a variable to several integral values The switch statement is a multiway branch statement.
Allows selection among multiple sections of code, depending on the value of an integral expression.
Syntax
switch ( [initialization;] expression){caseconstant-expression:statement
[default :statement]}
Remarks
The expression must have an integral type, or be a class type that has an unambiguous conversion to integral type. Integral promotion takes place as described in Standard conversions.
The switch statement body consists of a series of case labels and an optional default label. Collectively, the statements that follow the labels are called labeled statements. The labeled statements aren't syntactic requirements, but the switch statement is meaningless without them. No two constant expressions in case statements may evaluate to the same value. The default label may appear only once. The default statement is often placed at the end, but it can appear anywhere in the body of the switch statement. A case or default label can only appear inside a switch statement.
The constant-expression in each case label is converted to the type of expression. Then, it's compared with expression for equality. Control passes to the statement whose caseconstant-expression matches the value of expression. The resulting behavior is shown in the following table.
Switch statement behavior
| Condition | Action |
|---|---|
| Converted value matches that of the promoted controlling expression. | Control is transferred to the statement following that label. |
| None of the constants match the constants in the case labels; a default label is present. | Control is transferred to the default label. |
| None of the constants match the constants in the case labels; no default label is present. | Control is transferred to the statement after the switch statement. |
If a matching expression is found, execution can continue through later case or default labels. The break statement is used to stop execution and transfer control to the statement after the switch statement. Without a break statement, every statement from the matched case label to the end of the switch, including the default, is executed. For example:
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In the above example, uppercase_A is incremented if c is an uppercase 'A'. The break statement after uppercase_A++ terminates execution of the switch statement body and control passes to the while loop. Without the break statement, execution would 'fall through' to the next labeled statement, so that lowercase_a and other would also be incremented. A similar purpose is served by the break statement for case 'a'. If c is a lowercase 'a', lowercase_a is incremented and the break statement terminates the switch statement body. If c isn't an 'a' or 'A', the default statement is executed.
Visual Studio 2017 and later: (available with /std:c++17) The [[fallthrough]] attribute is specified in the C++17 standard. You can use it in a switch statement. It's a hint to the compiler, or anyone who reads the code, that fall-through behavior is intentional. The Microsoft C++ compiler currently doesn't warn on fallthrough behavior, so this attribute has no effect on compiler behavior. In the example, the attribute gets applied to an empty statement within the unterminated labeled statement. In other words, the semicolon is necessary.
Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3 and later (available with /std:c++17). A switch statement may have an initialization clause. It introduces and initializes a variable whose scope is limited to the block of the switch statement:
An inner block of a switch statement can contain definitions with initializations as long as they're reachable, that is, not bypassed by all possible execution paths. Names introduced using these declarations have local scope. For example:
A switch statement can be nested. When nested, the case or default labels associate with the closest switch statement that encloses them.
Microsoft-specific behavior
Microsoft C doesn't limit the number of case values in a switch statement. The number is limited only by the available memory. ANSI C requires at least 257 case labels be allowed in a switch statement.
The default for Microsoft C is that the Microsoft extensions are enabled. Use the /Za compiler option to disable these extensions.
See also
Selection Statements
Keywords
Switch case statement is used when we have multiple conditions and we need to perform different action based on the condition. When we have multiple conditions and we need to execute a block of statements when a particular condition is satisfied. In such case either we can use lengthy if.else-if statement or switch case. The problem with lengthy if.else-if is that it becomes complex when we have several conditions. The switch case is a clean and efficient method of handling such scenarios.
The syntax of Switch case statement:
Switch Case statement is mostly used with break statement even though the break statement is optional. We will first see an example without break statement and then we will discuss switch case with break
Example of Switch Case
Output:
Explanation: In switch I gave an expression, you can give variable as well. I gave the expression num+2, where num value is 5 and after addition the expression resulted 7. Since there is no case defined with value 4 the default case got executed.
Switch Case Flow Diagram
It evaluates the value of expression or variable (based on whatever is given inside switch braces), then based on the outcome it executes the corresponding case.
Break statement in Switch Case
Switch Dev C++ Example
Before we discuss about break statement, Let’s see what happens when we don’t use break statement in switch case. See the example below:
Output:
In the above program, we have the variable i inside switch braces, which means whatever the value of variable i is, the corresponding case block gets executed. We have passed integer value 2 to the switch, so the control switched to the case 2, however we don’t have break statement after the case 2 that caused the flow to continue to the subsequent cases till the end. However this is not what we wanted, we wanted to execute the right case block and ignore rest blocks. The solution to this issue is to use the break statement in after every case block.
Break statements are used when you want your program-flow to come out of the switch body. Whenever a break statement is encountered in the switch body, the execution flow would directly come out of the switch, ignoring rest of the cases. This is why you must end each case block with the break statement.
Let’s take the same example but this time with break statement.
Output:
Now you can see that only case 2 got executed, rest of the subsequent cases were ignored.
Why didn’t I use break statement after default?
The control would itself come out of the switch after default so I didn’t use break statement after it, however if you want you can use it, there is no harm in doing that.
Important Notes
Install Dev C++ Software
1) Case doesn’t always need to have order 1, 2, 3 and so on. It can have any integer value after case keyword. Also, case doesn’t need to be in an ascending order always, you can specify them in any order based on the requirement.
2) You can also use characters in switch case. for example –
Dev C++ Switch
3) Nesting of switch statements are allowed, which means you can have switch statements inside another switch. However nested switch statements should be avoided as it makes program more complex and less readable.